For the second question, the answer is nondisjunction. Nondisjunction during meiosis can cause chromosomal disorders, such as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), Turner's syndrome, and Klinefelter's syndrome. Finally, in the case of Turner syndrome, ∼75% of affected females inherit their single X chromosome from their mother, indicating that loss of a paternal sex . The clinical appearance of patients is almost the same as those of normal karyotypes, without characteristic clinical symptoms during childhood, so that the diagnosis can only be made in adolescence or young adulthood. Approximately 80 to 90 percent of men with Klinefelter syndrome are 47,XXY (47 chromosomes with an extra X) . Common physical features may include tall stature, reduced muscle tone, small . Klinefelter syndrome is a common genetic condition where a male is born with an extra X chromosome. Methods: Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) was performed for three patients with nonmosaic KS in our hospital. Results Klinefelter Syndrome was detected by an abnormal Y/X ratio and the presence of two alleles of the X chromosome STR markers Figure 1, panel B). Nondisjunction may occur during meiosis I or meiosis IImeiosis IIDuring meiosis II, the sister chromatids within the two daughter cells separate, forming four new haploid gametes. Normally, males inherit one X chromosome from their mother and one Y . Meiosis is initiated at about 11-12 weeks of gestation and, after pairing, synapsis and recombination, arrests in prophase I until just prior to ovulation. Often, symptoms are subtle and subjects do not realize they are affected. Testicular volume is measured by ultrasound examination, which usually also . Turner syndrome (TS) is a complex multisystem genetic condition, first described in 1938 by an endocrinologist noting growth and congenital hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, with a reported prevalence of 1:2000 to 1:4000 among females [ 1, 2 ]. Nondisjunction can result in conditions such as Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome or Turner syndrome. Biology questions and answers. with Klinefelter syndrome results from non-disjunction during meiosis and may have a paternal (50 to 60 percent) or maternal . Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a condition that occurs in males when they have an extra X chromosome. The extra X chromosome is due to maternal or paternal meiotic nondisjunction of the X chromosome during gametogenesis (ova or sperm production) . In this case, meiosis I occurs as normal so that after the first division the replicated homologous chromosomes, each consisting of two chromatids connected at a centromere, have separated. These individuals are slightly taller than normal, are fertile, have normal social behaviors, but have slight learning difficulties. D. meiosis I in either female parent. It is a heterogenous genetic disorder with 40-50% of patients having classic genotype . The 47,XXY karyotype is almost always the result of meiotic nondisjunction during parental gamete formation, which increases with both maternal and paternal age [10,11]. Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or chromatids to segregate during mitosis or meiosis. chromosome 21. It is among the most common sex chromosome disorders, which are conditions caused by changes in the number of sex chromosomes (the X chromosome and the Y chromosome). Chromosome analysis. People typically have 46 chromosomes in each cell, two of which are the sex chromosomes. Down syndrome (47, +21), Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY), and Turner syndrome (45, XO) are all the result of nondisjunction. Klinefelter syndrome may adversely affect testicular growth, resulting in smaller than normal testicles, which can lead to lower production of testosterone. The extra X chromosome typically affects physical, neurodevelopmental, behavioral, and neurocognitive functioning. For the first question, the answer is Klinefelter Syndrome. 100% (1 rating) Answer - (a) Klinefelter syndrome can result from non disjunction during meio …. It is this additional genetic material that alters the course of development and causes the characteristics associated with the syndrome. The reason maternal non-disjunction during meiosis II can produce XXY offspring. klinefelter syndrome fragile x syndrome digeorge syndrome robertsonian translocation. In this condition, there is an extra chromosome number 21. Klinefelter syndrome / 47, XXY: 17415352 63: Prader-Willi syndrome: 176270: del15q11-q13: OMIM: Ring chromosome Y syndrome . Klinefelter syndrome was named after a physician, Dr. Harry Klinefelter, who published a report in 1942 about nine men with enlarged breast development, sparse facial and body hair, small testes, and an inability to produce sperm. The effects of Klinefelter syndrome vary, and not everyone has the same signs and . For Klinefelter syndrome, approximately one-half of cases result from failure of the paternal X and Y chromosomes to disjoin at the first meiotic division (Thomas and Hassold 2003). During G1 stage of interphase, a diploid organism contains how many copies of each gene? Abramsky L, Chapple J. Klinefelter syndrome is a condition that occurs as a result of an extra X chromosome during the formation of either a sperm or an egg cell. Sometimes, symptoms are more evident and may include weaker muscles, greater height, poor motor coordination, less body hair . It does affect both men and women, nevertheless the feeling can differ. . (From what I understood, this is the type of answer I should give?) Hemophilia 5. The children who have Down syndrome have significant physical and intellectual disabilities and a shorter life span than other people. Klinefelter syndrome can result fromnondisjunction during? Typically, a male has one X and one Y chromosome. https://courses.lumenlearning.com . 47,XYY syndrome is caused by the presence of an extra copy of the Y chromosome in each of a male's cells. [1] Extra X chromosomes lead to testicular hyalinization, fibrosis, and testicular hypofunction, resulting in . Most cases of Down syndrome that relate to aging mothers result from. The additional sex chromosomes in men with Klinefelter syndrome results from non-disjunction during meiosis and may have a paternal (50 to 60 percent) or maternal (40 to 50 percent) origin. Klinefelter syndrome is quite common, affecting around 1 in every 500 to 1,000 newborn . However, because of nondisjunction, an egg cell or a sperm cell can also end up with an extra copy of the X chromosome. It also prevents the testicles from producing normal amounts of sperm and the hormone testosterone. Trisomy 21, also called Down syndrome, occurs when an individual inherits three copies of chromosome 21 . (Klinefelter syndrome may result from nondisjunction in either the male or female, since both parents possess . Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic condition affecting males, and it often isn't diagnosed until adulthood. Klinefelter syndrome can . Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or chromatids to segregate during mitosis or meiosis. Adults with Klinefelter syndrome may also have primary hypogonadism . A. meiosis I or II in either parent. another from an individual with Klinefelter's syndrome. Some males with KS have no obvious signs or symptoms while others may have varying degrees of cognitive, social, behavioral, and learning difficulties. True 2. . Down syndrome or trisomy 21 is a complex metabolic and genetic disorder that stems from the failure of chromosome 21 to segregate normally during meiosis (84,85). Some congenital abnormalities (such as congenital absence of the kidneys) may be incompatible with life after delivery. Homogeneous aneuploidies, when homogenous, most often result from meiotic non-disjunction and may result in trisomy (presence of a supernumerary normal chromosome) or monosomy (loss of a chromosome). The main tests used to diagnose Klinefelter syndrome are: Hormone testing. Turner's syndrome, and Klinefelter's syndrome. Nondisjunction causes abnormal number chromosomes in all the cells called aneuploidy or in some cells called mosaicism. Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the result of 2 or more X chromosomes in a phenotypic male. Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during cell division. Klinefelter's Syndrome is the most common sex chromosome aneuploidy in humans, and it results in hypogonadism and male infertility. As a result of the extra Y chromosome, each cell has a total of 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. The absence of chromosome 21 is called. Biology, 22.06.2019 08:30. Family Practitioner. Suspected Klinefelter syndrome can be diagnosed as a result of thorough physical examination (paying attention to signs of testosterone deficiency and, in particular, testicle size) (Figure 2) or of chance observation during treatment of concomitant diseases (Table 1). Klinefelter syndrome may adversely affect testicular growth, resulting in smaller than normal testicles, which can lead to . Klinefelter syndrome facts. Klinefelter syndrome affects about 1 in 650 newborn boys. Klinefelter syndrome is the most common sex chromosomal disorder, due to the presence of an extra X chromosome in males. Also called karyotype analysis, this test is used to confirm a diagnosis of Klinefelter syndrome. Nondisjunction during mitosis can result in cancer. At the current time, the average time of diagnosis is in the mid 30s, and it's thought that only . meiosis I or II in either parent. The mechanics of meiosis II is similar to mitosis, except that each dividing cell has only one set of homologous chromosomes. Trisomy 21, the most common type of Down syndrome, occurs when there are three, rather than two, number 21 chromosomes present in every cell of the body.Instead of the usual 46 chromosomes, a person with Down syndrome has 47. C. meiosis I in the female parent. Rarely in only 1% of cases, Down's syndrome with mosaicism is observed. How does nondisjunction cause chromosome number disorder? Science. The mechanics of meiosis II is similar to mitosis, except that each dividing cell has only one set of homologous chromosomes. Summary. However, because of nondisjunction, an egg cell or a sperm cell can also end up with an extra copy of the X chromosome. 1. In the context of genetics and molecular biology, nondisjunction refers to a failure of chromosomes to divide properly during cell division. Nondisjunction results in an aneuploid—a cell that has an abnormal amount of chromosomes. It is the first clinically defined syndrome shown to be chromosomal in origin and, as a result, has been the prototype for intense clinical . E. meiosis I in the male parent. The X and Y chromosome are known as sex chromosomes, and their presence or absence determines the gender of the embryo. . The classic 47,XXY complement arises as a result of nondisjunction during meiosis; it occurs in 1 of 600 liveborn males (Morris et al, 2008). Nondisjunction during meiosis results in one daughter cell having both of a pair of parental chromosomes with the other having none. In Klinefelter syndrome, males have one or more extra X . The results of the protein-protein interaction analysis for 93 genes associated with . Karyotype is size order display of chromosomes. Sex chromosome abnormalities that result from nondisjunction can lead to conditions such as Klinefelter and Turner syndromes. The syndrome may also cause reduced muscle mass, reduced body and facial hair, and enlarged breast tissue. But . Causes Klinefelter syndrome is a sex chromosome disorder in boys and men that results from Klinefelter Syndrome (47, XXY) is a chromosomal variation in males in which one extra X chromosome is present, resulting in a 47,XXY karyotype. By definition, males with at least one Y chromosome and at least two X chromosomes have Klinefelter syndrome. Nondisjunction results in daughter cells with abnormal chromosome . Klinefelter syndrome can result from nondisjunction during. Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic condition affecting males, and it often isn't diagnosed until adulthood, results when a boy is born with an extra copy of the X chromosome. Nondisjunction may occur during meiosis I or meiosis IImeiosis IIDuring meiosis II, the sister chromatids within the two daughter cells separate, forming four new haploid gametes. Transcribed image text: Klinefelter syndrome can result from nondisjunction during Select one: A. meiosis I in the female parent. Results: Three patients (their ranging from 23 years to 36 years), were diagnosed with azoospermia after several semen analyses. Females have two X chromosomes (46,XX), and males have one X and one Y chromosome (46,XY). Klinefelter syndrome results from supernumerary X chromosomes in an XY male (X 1+n Y). Trisomy disorders are the most common chromosomal disorders including Down syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome. . If a non-disjunction occurs at this point, haploid cells will not be formed. 15.4 - Changes in Sex Number Male Sex Chromosome Abnormalities Klinefelter Syndrome One in 500 to 2,000 males inherit one Y and more than one X chromosome (XXY, XXXY, XXXXY) Klinefelter syndrome is caused by . But if they fail to separate during meiosis or mitosis, this can result in nondisjunction disorders such as monosomy or trisomy. Objective: To discuss the method for patients with nonmosaic Klinefelter syndrome (KS) to father children. Named after the American physician Harry Klinefelter in 1942, Klinefelter syndrome affects approximately one in 500 newborn males, making it a very common genetic abnormality. Klinefelter syndrome is typically caused by what is called nondisjunction, more specifically nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes. The extra X chromosome typically affects physical, neurodevelopmental, behavioral, and neurocognitive functioning. . An individual with Swyer syndrome (46, XY) differs from an individual with Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY) because. meiosis I or II in either parent. 11 patients failed to yield any seminal fluid, and in 12 patients the seminal volume was less than 2 ml. The syndrome may also cause reduced muscle mass, reduced body and facial hair, and enlarged breast tissue. Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic abnormality that affects only males. Fine X syndrome is actually caused whenever an element of the X-chromosome was connected to the other chromosomes of the particularly a thinner string out-of molecules it seems in danger of breaking of. Nondisjunction can occur during mitosis . In contrast, in other men with non-mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome, some . During anaphase, . This hypothesis is strongly supported by the significantly smaller testicular androgen binding protein profiles (a marker of Sertoli cell secretory function) demonstrated in our study for the men with Klinefelter's syndrome who were negative for testicular haploid cells. It is unclear why an extra copy of the Y chromosome is associated with tall stature, learning problems, and other features in some boys . Treatment typically involves physical and emotional therapy, as . Biology. Seminal density was normal in 50% of cases and diminished in the remainder. Most often, boys and men with Klinefelter syndrome have the usual X and Y . Blood or urine samples can reveal abnormal hormone levels that are a sign of Klinefelter syndrome. Which macromolecule catalyzes chemical reactions this be considered enzyme chemical reactions thus he . . Nondisjunction in meiosis I results from failure of homologs to separate; the gametes produced are either n+1 or N-1. The primary features are infertility and small, poorly functioning testicles. B. meiosis I or II in the male parent. The etiology is related to paternal or maternal sex chromosome segregation during meiosis, resulting in 47,XXY karyotype in 90% of patients, while mosaicism 46,XY/47,XXY is present in 10% . If nondisjunction occurs and an individual survives, which disorder can occur? Introduction. Monosomy of chromosome 21 6. Introduction. During which of the following processes do homologous pairs of chromosomes align adjacent to one another at the metaphase plate of a cell? It is usually a random . Nondisjunction of chromosome 21 during oogenesis True/False 1. The clinical phenotype of KS was first described in males with tall stature, small testes, gynecomastia, and azoospermia, with the genetic etiology of supernumerary X chromosomes identified in 1959. Is fragile x syndrome a result . Nondisjunction during meiosis can cause chromosomal disorders, such as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), Turner's syndrome, and Klinefelter's syndrome. Autosomal nondisjunction is the most prolific cause of trisomy 21, or down syndrome, a defect that usually occurs during meiosis 1, but can occur during 2 as well. Listen. It originates due to the nondisjunction of paternal germ cells . Some of the important examples are: Down's syndrome - Trisomy of autosomes, i.e. PIP: The results of an analysis of seminal fluid, chromosomal formula, and testicular tissue performed on 32 men (including 2 prepubertal boys) with Klinefelter's syndrome are presented. . Answers: 1 Show answers Another question on Biology. Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic condition that results when a boy is born with an extra copy of the X chromosome. Klinefelter syndrome is the most common sex chromosomal disorder, due to the presence of an extra X chromosome in males. Karyotyping can be used to diagnose infants, children, and adults by obtaining a skin cell . Non-disjunction is defined by the fact that two chromosomes migrate to the same pole during anaphase and pass together in the same daughter cell . Klinefelter syndrome (KS), also known as 47,XXY, is a syndrome where a male has an additional copy of the X chromosome. What is nondisjunction and when in meiosis can it occur quizlet? Klinefelter syndrome is a sex chromosome disorder in boys and men that results from the presence of an extra X chromosome in cells. Summary. Klinefelter syndrome may adversely affect testicular growth, resulting in smaller than normal testicles, which can lead to lower production of testosterone. Klinefelter Syndrome (47, XXY) is a chromosomal variation in males in which one extra X chromosome is present, resulting in a 47,XXY karyotype. It contains one extra chromosome 21. Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic condition that results when a boy is born with an extra copy of the X chromosome. The appropriate number of chromosomes for a cell differs depending on the species. The additional sex chromosomes in men with Klinefelter syndrome results from non-disjunction during meiosis and may have a paternal (50 to 60 percent) or maternal (40 to 50 percent) origin. Klinefelter syndrome typically causes a boy's testicles to grow at a slower rate than those of other boys. SummarySummary. A blood sample is sent to the lab to check the shape . Nondisjunction during mitosis can result in cancer. People with Klinefelter syndrome can experience breast growth, breast cancer, osteoporosis, infertility and learning difficulties. the failure of at least one testis and associated structures to descend to their usual position in the scrotum during fetal . 47,XXY (Klinefelter syndrome) Testosterone affects the way a boy develops both physically and sexually. Meiotic Nondisjunction And Down Syndrome. ("the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division.") Nondisjunction can occur during anaphase of mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II. Common physical features may include tall stature, reduced muscle tone, small . Nondisjunction during mitosis can result in cancer. Klinefelter syndrome represents the most common major abnormality of sexual development. The effects of Klinefelter syndrome vary, and not everyone has the same signs and . It produces individuals with either extra or missing chromosomes. During cell division, homologous chromosomes separate and form daughter chromosomes. View the full answer. Klinefelter syndrome may adversely affect testicular growth, resulting in smaller than normal testicles, which can lead to lower production of testosterone. Chromosome Nondisjunction: In somatic cells, it can result in one daughter cell with an extra chromosome (2n+1) and the other missing one chromosome (2n-1). The clinical appearance of patients is almost the same as those of normal karyotypes, without characteristic clinical symptoms during childhood, so that the diagnosis can only be made in adolescence or young adulthood. Klinefelter syndrome is not inherited; the addition of an extra X chromosome occurs during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs or sperm) in one of an affected person's parents. Low hormone levels and problems with sperm production make it . B. meiosis I or II in the male parent. Klinefelter syndrome is the most frequent genetic disorder of male infertility; it is present in 10% of azoospermic men . The timing of meiosis in the human female suggests risk factors that may be involved in chromosome nondisjunction. https://courses.lumenlearning.com . 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